Designing 1-V Op Amps Using Standard Digital CMOS Technology
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper addresses the difficulty of designing 1-V capable analog circuits in standard digital complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Design techniques for facilitating 1-V operation are discussed and 1-V analog building block circuits are presented. Most of these circuits use the bulk-driving technique to circumvent the metal– oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor turn-on (threshold) voltage requirement. Finally, techniques are combined within a 1-V CMOS operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges. While consuming 300 W, the 1-V rail-to-rail CMOS op amp achieves 1.3-MHz unity-gain frequency and 57 phase margin for a 22-pF load capacitance.
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